All trans retinoic acid induced hypercalcemia and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment based on a case report and literature review

Tony Ibrahim, Geovani Faddoul, Maria Baz, Fadi Haddad, Fadi Nasr

Abstract


As experience with all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has grown, its’ toxicity profile became more extensive. We initially present a case of APL in which hypercalcemia and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage occurred simultaneously after introduction of ATRA, followed by a systematic review of the literature. A comity of 5 specialists analyzed and discussed each reported case on the basis of the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines. Level III guides were suggested for diagnosis and treatment.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/crim.v2n4p64

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Case Reports in Internal Medicine

ISSN 2332-7243(Print)  ISSN 2332-7251(Online)

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